![]() ![]() This means the website has a certificate, but the certificate is unverified (like self-signed certificates) or out of date. The web browser will display a warning sign and the HTTPS letters in red. This root certificate should be on the database of trusted certificates. When a Certificate Authority issues a certificate, it signs the certificate with its root certificate. Certificate Authorities also confirm the identity of the certificate owner and provide proof that the certificate is valid. ![]() SSL certificates are issued by legitimate Certificate Authorities. From now on, both the client and server have a secret key (that’s only known to them) that they can use to encrypt further communication ( 7) (symmetric key encryption).The server receives the session key encrypted with the public key and can decipher the message because only the server has access to the corresponding private key to decrypt the message ( 6).The client encrypts the session key using the public key sent by the server ( 5).If the certificate is valid, the client creates a new key (called session key) ( 4) that will be used later to encrypt communication between the client and server.The server sends back its certificate ( 2) so that the browser can check the authenticity of the server ( 3).You, the client on your browser, try to connect with the server ( 1).So, both the client and server need to have the same key. With a symmetric-key algorithm, the same key is used to encrypt and decrypt the messages. There are two types of encryption algorithms: symmetric key algorithm and asymmetric key algorithm. TLS 1.3 is currently the most recent protocol used for secure encryption on the web. These are two protocols used for secured encryption. SSL stands for Secure Socket Layer and TLS stands for Transport Layer Security. Identification: when using HTTPS, via SSL certificates, you ensure you are connected to the server you would expect. ![]() Integrity: the message is not manipulated on its way to its destination (prevents men-in-the-middle) attacks.Privacy: no one can spy on your requests and passwords because the messages are encrypted.To simplify, HTTPS is just the HTTP protocol but with encrypted data using SSL/TLS. ![]()
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